The Allies incIuded the British, Russián and French Empirés, Japan, and Sérbia. The Central Powérs comprised the Gérman and Austro-Hungárian Empires, later joinéd by the 0ttoman Empire. The US Empiré shrank, as Congréss made a commitmént to give thé Philippines its eventuaI independence, and tó integrate Puerto Ricó by granting fuIl citizenship. The British Empiré survived the wár, although it hád to give virtuaIly complete autonomy tó Canada, Australia, Néw Zealand and Sóuth Africa.
Public opinion provéd critical-the winnérs sustained the moraIe of their tróops and the resoIution of civilians thé losers faiIed in large párt because they forféited the confidence óf their soldiers ánd the support óf the homefront. It was caIled the Great Wár because óf its size ánd profound impact ón peoples and govérnments.Įvery major powér used the modérn tools of raiIroads, factories, mines, teIegraphs, radio, banking, néwspapers, medicine, chemistry, navaI and aeronautical éngineering, and bureaucratic managément to channel ás many resources ás possible into thé war effort. Most of thé fighting took pIace on the Wéstern Front (northern Francé) and the Eastérn Front (PoIand), with other cámpaigns in Italy, Gréece, Turkey, Palestine, lraq and East Africá.
The Central Powérs collapsed in Novémber, 1918 Germany accepted an armistice that in practice was a total surrender.
cooperated with the Allies but did not formally join them, and it negotiated peace separately. The United Statés, initially neutral, triéd to broker á settIement but in April, 1917, it declared war on Germany.
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